Abstract
Estudo transversal, realizado com 147 crianças internadas com diagnóstico médico de asma, em um hospital infantil público de Fortaleza-CE. Foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar a acurácia das características definidoras do diagnóstico de enfermagem "desobstrução ineficaz das vias aéreas" em crianças asmáticas. Utilizou-se um roteiro de exame físico para a coleta de dados. As características definidoras mais frequentes foram ruídos respiratórios adventícios (82,3%), dispneia (55,8%), e mudança na frequência respiratória (50,3%). O diagnóstico de enfermagem: "desobstrução ineficaz das vias aéreas" esteve presente em 55,8% da amostra. A característica definidora de maior sensibilidade foi "ruídos adventícios respiratórios". A característica específica para este diagnóstico foi "olhos arregalados". Com relação aos valores preditivos, os ruídos adventícios respiratórios mostraram elevado valor preditivo negativo. Conclui-se que estudos que contribuem para definir o perfil de características definidoras mais comuns para uma população particular devem ser estimulados, pois servem de guia para a prática de enfermagem.
Highlights
Establishing a nursing diagnosis assumes vital importance during the application of the nursing process, as this is considered to be the intellectual activity that nurses are expected to perform in their daily practice in order to judge the human responses that require nursing care
The nursing diagnosis is an essential element in the nurses’ decision-making process, permitting the identification of evidence based on factual information regarding the real condition of the individual, allowing nursing professionals to identify the accurate nursing diagnosis, thereby promoting adequate interventions and achieving effective outcomes.[1]
This study identified the most important determining characteristics for the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Airway Clearance (IAC)
Summary
Establishing a nursing diagnosis assumes vital importance during the application of the nursing process, as this is considered to be the intellectual activity that nurses are expected to perform in their daily practice in order to judge the human responses that require nursing care. The diagnosis is highly important to direct nursing practice and to organize the knowledge grounding this practice.[3] The nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment regarding the responses of the individuals, family or community to the health problems and real or potential processes, and is used to guide one’s care plan.[4]. In order to achieve an accurate nursing diagnosis, it is necessary to identify clinical indicators capable of predicting them. Clinical indicators (the term) has been used as being synonymous to defining characteristics, clinical evidence, signs and symptoms.[5] The nursing diagnosis must have clinical references (defining characteristics) that are present in a population with a specific diagnosis.[6] To determine these, it is necessary to identify a pattern standard that guarantees selecting patients that either have or do not have the specific diagnosis, and knowing the cause of their problems. Achieving an accurate nursing diagnosis means determining the specificity, sensitivity and predictive value of indicators associated with a specific diagnosis, which are relevant aspects for its validation.[5]
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