Abstract
Advances in the technology of water treatment allow significant cost savings in the construction and operation of treatment facilities. The cumulative effect of these progressive techniques has not yet been fully assimilated by all engineers, managers, operators, and officials of state regulatory agencies. The goal of modern design should be to optimize the complete water treatment system to take advantage of modern technology, such as flash mixing, flexible flocculation practices, improved inlet‐outlet designs for darifiers, optimized clarifier‐filter design, use of filter aids, air‐wash scour, and monitoring systems for filter head loss. Regulatory standards, particularly those that are technology‐based, should be reexamined to support cost‐effective design and to reflect modern engineering and operating practices.
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