Abstract
BackgroundThe design of stable and biocompatible black phosphorus-based theranostic agents with high photothermal conversion efficiency and clear mechanism to realize MRI-guided precision photothermal therapy (PTT) is imminent.ResultsHerein, black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) covalently with mono-dispersed and superparamagnetic ferrous selenide (FeSe2) to construct heteronanostructure nanoparticles modified with methoxy poly (Ethylene Glycol) (mPEG-NH2) to obtain good water solubility for MRI-guided photothermal tumor therapy is successfully designed. The mechanism reveals that the enhanced photothermal conversion achieved by BPs-FeSe2-PEG heteronanostructure is attributed to the effective separation of photoinduced carriers. Besides, through the formation of the P-Se bond, the oxidation degree of FeSe2 is weakened. The lone pair electrons on the surface of BPs are occupied, which reduces the exposure of lone pair electrons in air, leading to excellent stability of BPs-FeSe2-PEG. Furthermore, the BPs-FeSe2-PEG heteronanostructure could realize enhanced T2-weighted imaging due to the aggregation of FeSe2 on BPs and the formation of hydrogen bonds, thus providing accurate PTT guidance and generating hyperthermia to inhabit tumor growth under NIR laser with negligible toxicity in vivo.ConclusionsCollectively, this work offers an opportunity for fabricating BPs-based heteronanostructure nanomaterials that could simultaneously enhance photothermal conversion efficiency and photostability to realize MRI-guided cancer therapy.Graphic abstract
Highlights
The design of stable and biocompatible black phosphorus-based theranostic agents with high photothermal conversion efficiency and clear mechanism to realize MRI-guided precision photothermal therapy (PTT) is imminent
The oxidation degree of Ferrous selenide (FeSe2) is weakened and the lone pair electrons on the surface of black phosphorus are occupied, which reduces the exposure of lone pair electrons in air to prevent the oxidation, leading to the excellent stability of black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs)-FeSe2-PEG; (ii) Mechanism research shows that the BPs-FeSe2-PEG heteronanostructure presents enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 26.7%)
Preparation and characterization of BPs‐FeSe2 This study designed and synthesized the BPs-FeSe2 nanosystem, which was featured with enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency and MRI-guided therapy. FeSe2 was covalent on the surface of BPs to enable MRI-guided therapy
Summary
The design of stable and biocompatible black phosphorus-based theranostic agents with high photothermal conversion efficiency and clear mechanism to realize MRI-guided precision photothermal therapy (PTT) is imminent. PTT reagents are divided into organic photothermal nanomaterials and inorganic nanomaterials [3,4,5,6,7,8]. Organic nanomaterials such as indocyanine green (ICG) [9], conjugated polymers [10] and dopamine melanin [11], have high biocompatibility and low toxicity, but poor photobleaching and thermal stability hinder their application in biomedicine. The design and search for photothermal reagents with safety, good stability, high photothermal conversion and good biocompatibility remain significant challenges
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