Abstract
The article presents a method of designing a selected unmanned aerial platform flight scenario based on the principles of designing a reliable (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) UAV architecture operating in an environment in which other platforms operate. The models and results presented relate to the medium-range aerial platform, subject to certification under the principles set out in aviation regulations. These platforms are subject to the certification process requirements, but their restrictions are not as restrictive as in the case of manned platforms. Issues related to modeling scenarios implemented by the platform in flight are discussed. The article describes the importance of Functional Hazard Analysis (FHA) and Fault Trees Analysis (FTA) of elements included in the hardware and software architecture of the system. The models in Unified Modeling Language (UML) used by the authors in the project are described, supporting the design of a reliable architecture of flying platforms. Examples of the transformations from user requirements modeled in the form of Use Cases to platform operation models based on State Machines and then to the final UAV operation algorithms are shown. Principles of designing system test plans and designing individual test cases to verify the system’s operation in emergencies in flight are discussed. Methods of integrating flight simulators with elements of the air platform in the form of Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) models based on selected algorithms for avoiding dangerous situations have been described. The presented results are based on a practical example of an algorithm for detecting an air collision situation of two platforms.
Highlights
Unmanned aerial platforms for special tasks often move in an environment with an increasing number of other threatening objects, including aerial platforms
The article discusses the methods of designing a reliable hardware and software architecture of unmanned aerial vehicles, that consider the modeling of emergency situations in the flight
The article focuses primarily on the methods of modeling scenarios implemented by the platform in flight, using the technique of functional threat analysis and failure trees of elements included in the hardware and software architecture of the system
Summary
Unmanned aerial platforms for special tasks often move in an environment with an increasing number of other threatening objects, including aerial platforms. Based on pre-defined scenarios of platform operation (scenarios can be provided by the system contracting authority), a function decomposition called Functional Hazard Analysis [2] is prepared in the literature It concerns the fulfilment of functional requirements in the context of ensuring an appropriate safety level, denoted in the ARP4754 methodology as Design Assurance Level (DAL) [3]. Formal system description languages such as SysML or UML alone do not guarantee the development of a secure aircraft platform architecture integrated with the Ground Control Station (GCS) For this purpose, dedicated metamodels should be developed to transform user requirements and the requirements of safety standards into technical models. The following part of the article shows an example of the physical architecture of the UAV, based on which the described algorithms for handling emergencies were designed and tested. (d) A simulator for the verifying the UAV collision avoidance algorithm, the results of which are presented
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