Designing a battery Management system for electric vehicles: A congregated approach

Abstract

In many high-power applications, such as Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), Battery Management System (BMS) is needed to ensure battery safety and power delivery. BMS performs cell balancing (CB), State of Charge (SoC) estimation, monitoring, State of Health (SOH) estimation, and protective operation. To safeguard and optimize battery performance, required essential functionalities must be enabled. To optimize battery system performance, safety, and longevity, including temperature management, cell balancing, and communication protocols. This article provides an architecture that includes both a hardware demonstration and a simulation of the continuous on-time control approach for systematic measurement of Voltage, current, and temperature in EVs. A single-ended primary-inductance converter (SEPIC) DC-DC converter, Analogue Front End (AFE), and balancing circuits provide the optimal supply for proposed congregated BMS process. The effectiveness of proposed congregated design performance is validated through meter and sensor measurements for voltmeter, current, and temperature. The numerical error between proposed BMS and conventional measurements is relatively low for voltage (0.09 V), current (0.05 A), and temperature (0.09 °C). In the end, the simulated results and hardware results are benchmarked that the proposed congregated BMS design can regulate temperature, prevent overcharging and over-discharging, and balance the battery cells inside a given battery module.