DESIGNATIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA IN THE STRUCTURE OF METEOROLOGICAL VOCABULARY OF THE PERMIAN LANGUAGES

Abstract

The meteorological vocabulary of any natural language is not homogeneous in its structure. We can conditionally differentiate the following basic components: general-system designations (atmosphere, air, climate, weather), designations of condition of atmosphere (it is warm, cold, cool, damp, dry, clear), names of the atmospheric phenomena (thunder, lightning, dawn, rainbow, haze, fog), names of atmospheric precipitations (rain, drizzle, downpour, dew, snow, sleet, hail, hoarfrost), names of winds (wind, storm, whirlwind, snowstorm). The paper represents the linguistic analysis of names of the atmospheric phenomena in three closely related languages - Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permian, Udmurt. The basis of the meteonyms system is made by the primordial fund of names consisting of lexical units of the ancient and late origin. Parent-Finnish-Ugrian, parent-Permian and parent-Komi designations refer to ancient meteonyms. Formations of later period have arisen in each of three considered languages independently and represent a specific part of dictionary structure. The other-language component which is absent in the group of Komi-Zyryan names, started to form in the parent-Permian epoch. Later borrowings penetrated from three external sources - Russian, Turkic and Mari.