Abstract
This paper presents three practical antenna implementations based on variations of one general planar differential antenna topology originally proposed for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. All designs were implemented on a low-cost FR4 substrate and experimentally characterized in an anechoic chamber. The results show how the proposed design variations lead to the required antenna performances and how they give rise to new opportunities in terms of coverage of wide, narrow, and multiple frequency bands for communication and sensing applications below 5 GHz. In particular, the results show how a significant enhancement in bandwidth performance is achieved by folding the differential radiating elements. Moreover, they show how an agile design strategy enables adaption of the antenna design to different requirements for covering wide, narrow, and multiple bands, making the proposed class of antennas suitable for different wireless applications. In detail, the proposed class of antennas covers multiple frequency bands, ranging from the 868 MHz and 915 MHz bands to 2.4 GHz industrial scientific and medical (ISM) bands, including the 1.2 GHz L band for Global Positioning and Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the lower portion of the UWB band.
Highlights
Often, antenna designers develop novel antenna topologies, which are optimized by hand for their specific applications and frequency bands
The results show how the proposed design variations lead to the required antenna performances and how they give rise to new opportunities in terms of coverage of wide, narrow, and multiple frequency bands for communication and sensing applications below 5 GHz
A new class of planar differential antennas is presented through the design variations of a recently proposed planar differential antenna enabling the cointegration with a microchip radar sensor
Summary
Antenna designers develop novel antenna topologies, which are optimized by hand for their specific applications and frequency bands. We consider a novel planar differential antenna that was recently proposed by our research group [1] Such an antenna was designed to meet the design constraints, electromagnetic performance, and physical integration, required by the ultrawideband (UWB). We report for the first time the design variations of the original antenna topology, resulting in a class of antennas that cover a variety of different wide and narrow frequency bands, relevant to several wireless communication protocols. We show how the design variations reflect on the antenna performance, demonstrating that the antenna topology, originated from radiating elements with a particular shape, can be adapted to generate novel prototypes that cover wide and narrow bands of interest for a number of wireless communication and sensing applications, as a consequence of variations in size and orientation of the radiating elements.
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