Abstract
A set of BOPYIN-based molecular rotors have been systematically synthesized and investigated to study the relationship between intramolecular motions and viscosity sensitivity. YD6 possesses NIR emission at 723 nm, high quantum yield (19–48%) and large Stokes shift (2620–5144 cm−1) due to the twisted structure via the single crystal structure. YD1-3,5,6 show high viscosity response with dye-dependent constants ranging from 0.21 to 0.39. Through experimental and computational studies, the different substituent strongly influences the viscosity sensitivity, likely resulting from inherent rotational energy barriers between the twisted configurations. These findings enable rational structure modifications of BOPYIN molecular rotors for highly effective viscosity detection and recognition.
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