Abstract
We report results of research into processes of formation of porous structure by the method of thermal bloating of the gellike mixture of raw materials. Regularities of the course of physicalchemical transformations are considered in the material when it is heated; as a result, we established the initial water content in the raw mixture, optimal for the formation of xerogel, and the residual water content in gel, sufficient for effective bloating. We proposed the optimized composition of the raw mixture that employs maximally permissible amount of ash as a mineral filler; the thermal modes of bloating are studied. Based on the data obtained, a new technology for the production of porous thermal insulation materials is created. New porous thermal insulation materials were obtained using soluble glass as a binding component; foaming agent; regulator of hardening rate of the mixture. The basic thermophysical properties were determined. A study of physicochemical phenomena occurring during thermal bloating of analogous compositions allowed us to predict the course of the processes in the case of using additional chemical elements and techniques. It was established that ash can be effectively utilized when creating an efficient raw material mixture. The results obtained could be useful for the production of effective porous thermal insulation materials for various purposes. In addition, the task is resolved on the disposal of ash from coalbased thermal power plants.
Highlights
One of the most effective ways to address the problem of energy saving is to reduce consumption of heat through the walls of buildings’ structures, constructions, industrial equipment, heat pipelines and other facilities that exploit heat carriers
The task of energy saving is complicated by the corresponding unresolved environmental issues
When thermal insulation is applied, this number decreases by 10‒12 %
Summary
Представлены результаты исследований процессов получения пористих теплоизоляционных материалов на основе кремнеземсодержащего техногенного компонента − летучей золы тепловых электростанций. Разработаны новые материалы с использованием растворимого стекла как связующего компонента, вспенивающего агента, регулятора скорости упрочнения смеси. Рассмотрены физические, химические и технологические аспекты получения предложенных щелочно-силикатных композиций. Ключевые слова: летучая зола, растворимое стекло, щелочные силикатные композиционные теплоизоляционные материалы, термическое вспучивание. А. Pavlenko Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Department of Building Physics and Renewable Energy. H. Koshlak Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Department of oil and gas technological transport
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