Abstract
When consulting the text books on control engineering, state space controllers are described and designed with the help of matrix calculus. This implies good knowledge of linear algebra. Especially in Europe many Universities of Applied Sciences have extremely reduced mathematics in their curricula. Here a teaching concept with the help of signal flow graphs can help to explain and design the controller without solving matrix equations. As example, the bidirectional Buck converter is used. The model of the plant is derived and a simple state space controller is designed. The plant model is linearized around a working point. Therefore, the simple state space controller leads to correct results only at this point. Combination with an additional controller or using the error between the desired value and the actual value as a third state variable improves the quality of the control. The signal flow graphs for these concepts are given and the controllers designed. With the help of LTSpice the designs are checked.
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