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Abstract
A single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) coupler is designed and inves- tigated by using full-vector finite-element method with the anisotropic perfectly matched layer. We numerically analyze the SPSM coupling properties with respect to the structure parameters and confinement loss character- istics. The results reveal that the coupling length between dual cores is as small as millimeter order of magnitude due to the wide silica bridge of energy transfer, and the SPSM coupling region can be tailored to cover the communication windows of 1.3 or 1.55 μm with optimized design parameters. Moreover, the confinement loss of x polarization is 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of y polarization in single polarization range. The proposed SPSM PCF coupler may find application in polarization-sensitive systems. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution
Highlights
IntroductionPhotonic crystal fibers (PCFs), known as microstructured optical fibers, have attracted considerable research interest due to their unique photonic controlled advantages, and kinds of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with special characteristics were successively put forward to meet various demands.[1,2,3,4,5] The flexible control of air hole allows the construction of complex dualcore or multicore structures.[6,7] Couplers, which can guide light power to other optical components in appropriate proportions, are essential for all-fiber systems and have been extensively applied in optical fiber sensing systems and coherent optical communication systems.[8,9] For conventional optical fiber couplers, the coupling intensity between the propagation modes of two cores is weak due to long separated distance, which leads to long length of couplers.[10]
The investigation of single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been carried out[15] and this paper focuses on the SPSM PCF coupler
The separated distance between two cores is larger than that of other PCF couplers,[16,17,18] which may make it convenient to connect with other output devices
Summary
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), known as microstructured optical fibers, have attracted considerable research interest due to their unique photonic controlled advantages, and kinds of PCFs with special characteristics were successively put forward to meet various demands.[1,2,3,4,5] The flexible control of air hole allows the construction of complex dualcore or multicore structures.[6,7] Couplers, which can guide light power to other optical components in appropriate proportions, are essential for all-fiber systems and have been extensively applied in optical fiber sensing systems and coherent optical communication systems.[8,9] For conventional optical fiber couplers, the coupling intensity between the propagation modes of two cores is weak due to long separated distance, which leads to long length of couplers.[10]. Optical passive components based on PCF couplers, such as polarization splitters[12,13] and wavelength splitters,[14] were designed and investigated. Li et al.[17] designed a double-core SPSM coupler whose coupling lengths were of millimeter order of magnitude, and the SPSM coupling operation could be realized within a wide wavelength range. On the basis of the dual-core PCF coupler, the SPSM wavelength splitter was proposed by Zhang et al.[14] and calculated results showed that the wavelength splitter could split two different wavelengths between 1.3 and 1.55 μm at a fiber length of 10.7 mm with the single polarization guiding. The calculated results show that the proposed PCF coupler can realize SPSM coupling operation within a wide wavelength range, and the SPSM coupling region can be tuned by adjusting the structure parameters. The x polarization modes have 3 orders of magnitude larger confinement loss than y polarization modes in single-polarization coupling range
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