Design of PID and FOPID Controllers Tuned by Firefly Algorithm for Magnetic Levitation System

Abstract

This paper concerns design and implementation of PID and fractional-order PID (FOPID) controllers to control position of an electromagnetically suspended ferromagnetic ball in a magnetic levitation (Maglev) system in real time. The Maglev system, manufactured by Feedback Instruments (Model No 33-210) is used as a platform to test the performance of proposed controllers. Parameters of PID and FOPID controllers are tuned by firefly algorithm (FA). FA is a metaheuristic algorithm based on movement of fireflies toward more attractive and brighter ones. PID and FOPID controllers are implemented in MATLAB and SIMULINK environment inside PC using fractional-order modeling and control toolbox. Controller in the SIMULINK environment inside PC is connected to the Maglev system through Advantech card. Effectiveness of proposed controllers is tested by checking the ability of the suspended ball to track a reference signal. Step change, sine wave, and square wave are used as reference signals. Real-time results have revealed satisfactory transient and steady-state responses over the contemporary existing controllers. FOPID controller showed better results compared to PID.