Abstract
ABSTRACT Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) have special structures and offer a number of novel design options, such as very large or very small mode areas, high numerical aperture, guidance of light in air, and novel dispersion properties. PCFs have become an attractive field for the researchers and they are trying to work on these to get their properties applied in dispersion related applications, sensing applications and much more. PCFs sensors are widely used in bio-medical applications. The sensitivity and performance of sensors are enhanced due to novel applications of PCFs. This paper outlines a novel design for a generalized biomedical sensor by collaborating PCF and electro-optic effect of Lithium Niobate ( .E0>1 7 ) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure. Keywords: Photonic crystal fibers; biomedical sensors; lithium niobate; beam propagation method. 1. INTRODUCTION Photonic crystal fibers are considered as one of the most encouraging elements in optical biosensors due to their enriched performance capacities of being immune to electromagnetic noise, reliable and highly sensitive in comparison with already existing optic fibre biosensors. The sensing application of PCF was first noticed in [1], where absorption spectrum of acetylene filled waveguide was studied. A photonic crystal based sensor allowing de tection of individual molecules via their two-photon fluorescence has been described in [2]. PCFs can be used for evanescent-wave sensing of bio molecules, such as DNA or proteins [3-4]. The latest advances in PCFs and micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) offer considerable opportunity to realize an optical endoscope which permits high-resolution visualization of internal organs of body [5-7]. The use of polymer optical fibres permits remarkable composition flexibility of waveguide and sensing features [8]. The polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) with higher birefringence than already existing polarization-maintaining fibers, allows a smaller length in practical use [9]. Optical switching phenomena using MZIs and its efficient application to perform various digital logic operations in [10-14]. In this paper, a novel generalized biomedical sensor is proposed by collaborating photonic crystal fiber and electro-optic effect of Lithium Niobate (.E0>1
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