Abstract
In this study, a double-negative triangular metamaterial (TMM) structure, which exhibits a resounding electric response at microwave frequency, was developed by etching two concentric triangular rings of conducting materials. A finite-difference time-domain method in conjunction with the lossy-Drude model was used in this study. Simulations were performed using the CST Microwave Studio. The specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction technique is discussed, and the effects of the position of attachment, the distance, and the size of the metamaterials on the SAR reduction are explored. The performance of the double-negative TMMs in cellular phones was also measured in the cheek and the tilted positions using the COMOSAR system. The TMMs achieved a 52.28% reduction for the 10 g SAR. These results provide a guideline to determine the triangular design of metamaterials with the maximum SAR reducing effect for a mobile phone.
Highlights
IntroductionBecause the use of such mobile devices increases every year, an extensive study on the health risk from hazardous electromagnetic fields is currently in progress
Construction and Design of the triangular split ring resonators (TSRRs) Using FDTD analysis, this research establishes that triangular metamaterial (TMM) can reduce the 1 g specific absorption rate (SAR) and 10 g SAR peak levels in the head
Numerical simulations that predict the transmission properties depend on the system’s various structure parameters. Such complex simulations are typically performed by the FDTD method
Summary
Because the use of such mobile devices increases every year, an extensive study on the health risk from hazardous electromagnetic fields is currently in progress. Radio frequency (RF) safety guidelines have been issued to prevent exposure to excessive electromagnetic fields in terms of the SAR [1]. The exposure of the human head to the near-field of a cellular mobile phone can be appraised by measuring the SAR in a human-head phantom or by calculating the exposure using a human-head numerical model [2]. Laboratory tests on cockroaches have shown that radiation from mobile phones can have an adverse effect on overall health [3,4,5]. Note that research effort has been dedicated to people suffering from headaches, fatigue and a loss of concentration after using their cellular mobile phones
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