Abstract
In this article, a low-profile, microstrip-based, periodic leaky wave antenna has been proposed for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. The leaky-wave structure, loaded periodically with stepped impedance resonator stubs operates in the 5.4–6.2 GHz frequency band, which includes the WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) band (5.85–5.925 GHz) required for automated vehicular communications. The S11 obtained in the spectrum is below −12.68 dB. While the majority of the antennas designed for V2V communications produced omnidirectional patterns, the structure proposed in this work yields a directional pattern, preventing unnecessary outages of signals. The periodic structure gives an added advantage of beam scanning, resulting in a wider, yet directive coverage in the desired frequency band. A backward beam scan from −13˚ to −31˚ is obtained in the frequency range of 5.4–6.2 GHz with a gain variation of around ±0.6 dB only.
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