Abstract
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) series of standards for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) is currently considered as the most promising technology for vehicular networks. It aims to support interoperability and robust safety communications in a vehicular environment. The first trial version of WAVE standard was released in 2006, Most of the published review studies were done on the old trail versions. This study reviews the latest released version of the IEEE WAVE standard, reflects the state of art in WAVE technology, and presents the status of each standard in the IEEE 1609 series of standards. IEEE 1609 series contains four standards that are under development, three are published and one is already withdrawn. Then the study discusses the technical details of IEEE 1609.4 for multi-channel operation and highlights the new features of WAVE Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The study also describes the services and protocols that are provided by IEEE 1609.3 as a network service standard. Frame format that is used in standards are also exposed.
Highlights
Since early 1990s efforts have been increased to integrate technology with transportation systems to build “smart road” that are capable of guiding vehicles to improve the traffic safety and conditions [1, 2]
Vehicular network system components may consist of an On-Board Equipment (OBE) which is a network device located in the moving vehicle and connected to both wireless network and to in-vehicle network, Road-Side Equipment (RSE), which can be described as a device installed in the side-road infrastructure (e.g. Light pole and road signs) that connects the moving vehicle to the access network which in turn is connected to the core network [3]
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1609.1 Resource manager – which was used to describe the application layer- and IEEE 1609.2- 2006 for Security issues, both have been withdrawn and currently the standard society is developing the new version of IEEE 1609.2 for security as well as IEEE 1609.0 for Architecture and IEEE 1609.5 for communication Manager
Summary
Since early 1990s efforts have been increased to integrate technology with transportation systems to build “smart road” that are capable of guiding vehicles to improve the traffic safety and conditions [1, 2] Effective use of such system would have great impact on the overall transportation system performance, and it is expected to decrease the probability of traffic accidents and loss of life, provide traffic management in term of vehicle traffic flow and coordination, and deliver infotainment applications to the passenger. It can help in reducing pollution and conserve fuel [3, 4]. VANET applications can be divided into the following categories 1- Road safety applications, which include sharing information among vehicles or between vehicles and roadside units to ensure safety, and considered as the best way to reflect the value of intelligent transportation system, such applications may include: collision warning applications, and emergency vehicle warning applications. 2- Traffic management applications that provide local information and update maps so as to improve traffic efficiency and coordination. 3- Infotainment applications that involve traditional Internet access like community services and commercial services [3]
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