Design of Beam Steering-Switching Array for 5G S-Band Adaptive Antenna Applications – Part-I and Part-II

Abstract

In this research work, a design of different Microwave Components for the proposed beam steering-switching array is presented. In order to achieve beam steering, two different schemes namely Beam Steering Array using Hybrid Directional Coupler and Beam Steering Array using Switched Line Phase Shifters are proposed for improvement of performance parameters like Directivity, Side Lobe Level, Beam-width, number of Maxima directions and Bandwidth. These planar microwave components are designed for 5G, S-band applications. A design procedure is derived in detail for E-Shape single element slot antenna, Wilkinson Power Divider, Hybrid Directional Coupler, Loaded Line Phase Shifter and Switched Line Phase Shifter around 3.6 GHz with necessary simulation results. For the design of beam steering array, the E-shape slot antenna is utilized with line feed and quarter-wave transformer for impedance matching. Compared to normal patch, slot antenna parameters are improved with Return Loss (S11) is −26.32 dB, VSWR is 1.08 and Directivity is 7.6 dBi at 3.6 GHz and 7.39 dBi at 2.4 GHz. Hybrid Directional Coupler parameters are, S11 is −20.83 dB, S21 is −3.39 dB, S31 is −3.56 dB and S41 is −23.78 dB. Performance parameters of Wilkinson Power Divider are, S11 is −28.65 dB, S21 is −3.46 dB and S31 is −3.46 dB. To apply phase shift for array elements, Loaded Line and Switched Line Phase Shifters using PIN diodes (MA4SPS402) are designed. For Loaded Line Phase shifter, phase of S21 with phase shifter is −53.03° and without phase shifter is −23.72°. For Switched Line Phase shifter, phase of S21 with phase shifter is 139.49° and without phase shifter is 47.03°.