Abstract
Genetic regulatory networks with adaptive responses are widely studied in biology. Usually, models consisting only of a few nodes have been considered. They present one input receptor for activation and one output node where the adaptive response is computed. In this work, we design genetic regulatory networks with many receptors and many output nodes able to produce delayed adaptive responses. This design is performed by using an evolutionary algorithm of mutations and selections that minimizes an error function defined by the adaptive response in signal shapes. We present several examples of network constructions with a predefined required set of adaptive delayed responses. We show that an output node can have different kinds of responses as a function of the activated receptor. Additionally, complex network structures are presented since processing nodes can be involved in several input-output pathways.
Highlights
Gene regulatory networks of living organisms can present a particular kind of response, adaptive response, against environmental changes
Genetic regulatory networks with adaptive responses are widely studied in biology
We show in this article that it is possible to construct networks with delayed adaptive responses between multiple input receptors and multiple output nodes
Summary
Gene regulatory networks of living organisms can present a particular kind of response, adaptive response, against environmental changes. The change on the gene expression level can be an upregulation (increment) or a down-regulation (decrement) as a function of the type of stimulus [1,2,3] In occasions, these adaptive responses can appear delayed with respect to the activation by the external signal [4]. In this work we propose to construct networks with adaptive responses between several input receptors and several output nodes. We show in this article that it is possible to construct networks with delayed adaptive responses between multiple input receptors and multiple output nodes. The adaptive response of a gene in a regulatory system is a process where the gene i changes its level of expression xi(t) when some external signal Ik(t) activates at t = t0 certain receptors of the network.
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