Abstract
The reported work demonstrates the design and realization of an integrated mid-band (sub-6 GHz) and mmWave multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) antenna for 5G handheld devices. The proposed prototype consists of the two-port MIMO configuration of the mid-band antenna placed at the top and bottom of the substrate, while the 4-port mmWave MIMO antenna is placed sideways. The MIMO configuration at the top and bottom consists of a two-element array to achieve high gain at the mid-band spectrum, while the antennas placed sideways are optimized to cover the 5G-mmWave band spectrum. The overall dimensions of the board were selected the same as the of smartphones, i.e., 151 mm × 72 mm. The mid-band antenna has an operational bandwidth of 2.73 GHz, whereas the mmWave antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 3.85 GHz with a peak gain of 5.29 and 8.57 dBi, respectively. Furthermore, the design is analyzed for the various MIMO performance parameters; it was found that the proposed antennas offer high performance in terms of envelop correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG) and channel capacity loss (CCL) within operational range. A fabricated prototype was tested and measured results show strong agreement with predicted results. Moreover, the proposed work is compared with state-of-the-art work for the same applications to demonstrate its potential for targeted application.
Highlights
The detailed annotation and values for the different dimensions for the single, array and MIMO antenna designed for the mid-band are reported in Figure 3 and Table 1
The Sub Miniature version A (SMA) connectors used for the mmWave 5G-MIMO configuration are K8400A, that has an operational frequency range of up to 40 GHz
The proposed prototype consists of two different MIMO configurations, one referred to as mid-band MIMO configuration and the other as mmWave 5G MIMO configuration
Summary
The mmWave band requires a wider operational bandwidth and high gain with a broadside radiation pattern [15] These requirements lead to the designing of integrated antennas on the same board for cellular systems. The design operates effectively in the 5G mmWave band, i.e., 24.25–27.5 GHz. Aside from the wide bandwidth coverage, the proposed architecture was meticulously examined in terms of both single and MIMO antenna performance. Owing to the high-performance parameters of the antenna and proper MIMO characteristics, the proposed design may be considered as a potential candidate for mid- and high-band handheld applications
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