Design of a tissue oxygenation monitor and verification on human skin

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report the design of a tissue oxygen and temperature monitor. The non-inv asive, fibre based device monitors tissue haemoglobin (Hb) and oxygen saturation (SO 2 ) and is based on white-light reflectance spectroscopy.Visible light with wavelengths in the 500 – 650nm range is utilized . The spectroscopic algorithm takes into account the tissue scattering and melanin absorption for the calculation of tissue haemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation. The monitor can probe superfi cial layers of tissue with a high spatial resolution (mm 3 ) and a high temporal resolution (40 Hz). It provides an accurate measurement with the accuracy of SO 2 at 2 % and high reliability with less than 2 % variation of continuous SO 2 measurement over 12 hours. It can also form a modular system when used in conjunction with a laser Doppler monitor, enabling simultaneous measure ments of Hb, SO 2 and blood flow. W e found experimentally that the influence of the source-detector separation on the haemoglobin parameters is small. his finding is discussed by Monte Carlo Tsimulations for the depth sensitivity profile. T he influence of probe pressure and the skin pigmentation on the measurement parameters are assessed before in vivo experiment al data is presented . T he co mbination with laser D oppler flowmetry demonstrates t he importance of a measurement of both the haemoglobin and the blood flow parameters for a full description of blood tissue perfusion. This is discussed in experimental data on human skin during cuff occlusion and after hyperemisation by a pharmacological cream. Strongcorrelation is observed between tissue oxygen (Hb and SO