Abstract
The goal of this paper is to design and develop low conversion loss mixers at Ku Band (12 - 18 GHz) in microstrip line configuration. The Ku-band (Kurtz-under band) is primarily used for satellite Communications, particularly for editing and broadcasting satellite television. CAD tools (Agilent’s Advance Design System software) have been used for simulation and optimization of the circuits. 180 degree balanced mixer configuration has been adopted due to better RF to LO isolation requirement. The circuit is designed on microstrip line using RT Duroid (Dielectric Constant = 2.22). Initially a rat race coupler (180 degree hybrid) was designed and simulated and optimized for required performance successfully.
Highlights
A microwave mixer is a three port device, used in radio wave transmitters and receiver, to convert the input signal (RF frequency) to another frequency called intermediate frequency (IF) so that the subsequent operations such as amplification, detection etc can be performed effectively
A typical mixer consists of a non-linear mixer diode together with coupling network for feeding RF and LO signal power and for extracting the IF signal
A number of different mixer configuration topologies depending upon the transmission line media used and nonlinear devices are present to realize required mixer design
Summary
A microwave mixer is a three port device, used in radio wave transmitters and receiver, to convert the input signal (RF frequency) to another frequency called intermediate frequency (IF) so that the subsequent operations such as amplification, detection etc can be performed effectively. A low level RF signal and LO signal is mixed together to produce an IF frequency FIF = FLO – FRF and a much higher frequency FIF = FLO + FRF is rejected This lower frequency is easy to amplify and process than the input RF frequency. A number of different mixer configuration topologies depending upon the transmission line media used and nonlinear devices (diodes, FETs) are present to realize required mixer design. Electrical trade off involves such parameters as transmission line loss, dispersion, generation of higher order modes, range of impedance levels, maximum operating frequency and suitability for component and device mounting, while mechanical trade off include ease of fabrication, tolerance and reliability. Depending upon the numbers of nonlinear devices used the following mixers are realized
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