Abstract
In the context of a circular economy, one can observe that (i) recycling chains are not adapted enough to the end-of-life products they have to process and that (ii) products are not sufficiently well designed either to integrate at best their target recycling chain. Therefore, a synergy between product designers and recycling-chains stakeholders is lacking, mainly due to their weak communication and the time-lag between the product design phase and its end-of-life treatment. Many Design for Recycling approaches coexist in the literature. However, to fully develop a circular economy, Design from Recycling also has to be taken into account. Thus Re-Cycling, a complete circular design approach, is proposed. First, a design for recycling methodology linking recyclability assessment to product design guidelines is proposed. Then, a design from recycling methodology is developed to assess the convenience of using secondary raw materials in the design phase. The recyclability of a smartphone and the convenience of using recycled materials in a new cycle are both analyzed to demonstrate our proposal. The Fairphone 2® and its treatment by the WEEE French takeback scheme are used as a case study.
Highlights
Proper management of waste is a key point for avoiding pollution of environmental matrices, such as soil and groundwater, and to avoid contaminant emission in the atmosphere [1,2]
A performance review of extended producer responsibility (EPR) treatment chains has shown that some are insufficiently adapted to the waste they process; on the other hand, products are not systematically designed to best match their chain [6]
We recall that the six products associated with the European EPR sectors are household packaging, batteries and accumulators, electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), automobiles, fluorinated gases, and medicines
Summary
Proper management of waste is a key point for avoiding pollution of environmental matrices, such as soil and groundwater, and to avoid contaminant emission in the atmosphere [1,2]. A performance review of extended producer responsibility (EPR) treatment chains has shown that some are insufficiently adapted to the waste they process; on the other hand, products are not systematically designed to best match their chain [6]. This lack of synergy between the product and its treatment chain is due to the weak communication between designers and recovery-chain stakeholders [7]. The time-lag between the product design and its end-of-life treatment may weaken this link as well as the geographic performance disparity between the stakeholders involved in the chain [8,9]. This link between design and end-of-life stakeholders is essential to ensure that the product is better recovered when it becomes waste
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