Abstract
Neutron production methods are an integral part of research and analysis for an array of applications. This paper examines methods of neutron production, and the advantages of constructing a radioisotopic neutron irradiator assembly using252Cf. Characteristic neutron behavior and cost-benefit comparative analysis between alternative modes of neutron production are also examined. The irradiator is described from initial conception to the finished design. MCNP modeling shows a total neutron flux of 3 × 105 n/(cm2·s) in the irradiation chamber for a 25 μg source. Measurements of the gamma-ray and neutron dose rates near the external surface of the irradiator assembly are 120 μGy/h and 30 μSv/h, respectively, during irradiation. At completion of the project, total material, and labor costs remained below $50,000.
Highlights
Neutrons are useful in a variety of applications, spanning from laboratory investigations and field measurements, to national security and medical treatment
Neutron irradiators are often employed in materials research, utilizing various techniques and methods such as neutron activation analysis (NAA), neutron radiography, and neutron diffraction for elemental analyses
The Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) computed neutron spectrum within the sample chamber is plotted in Figure 9 in terms of E dφ/dE, which is an approximation to neutron lethargy, and normalized to the 252Cf source activity
Summary
Neutrons are useful in a variety of applications, spanning from laboratory investigations and field measurements, to national security and medical treatment. This paper seeks to modernize information on the design, construction, and modeling of a 252Cf neutron irradiator and provide a starting foundation to benefit others who might undertake such an endeavor. Neutron irradiators are often employed in materials research, utilizing various techniques and methods such as neutron activation analysis (NAA), neutron radiography, and neutron diffraction for elemental analyses. NAA is frequently employed by professionals from several different disciplines, for example, biomedical, chemical, and petrochemical, for purposes such as oil well logging and identification of trace elements in samples [1]. Diffraction methods can be used to determine the moisture and hydrocarbon concentrations of hydrogen-rich samples [2]. Fundamental concepts in nuclear physics may be taught to students by employing a neutron howitzer for irradiation experiments.
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