Abstract
The issue of dc current injection at low voltage autonomous or interconnected grids as a result of photovoltaic (PV) systems integration is thoroughly discussed in this paper. This paper focuses on the sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation inverter with a low-frequency step-up transformer, as this was widely used in the past at PV grid connected applications, while nowadays, it is a favorable solution in standalone multisource residential applications. This paper highlights the fact that dc current injection is possible even at the presence of a low-frequency transformer. In addition, the impact of the dc current flow on the transformer efficiency is studied, and appropriate design considerations are extracted—thus limiting the dc current component in an efficient manner. The proposed design considerations are validated through experimental results accomplished on laboratory and commercial PV power conversion products.
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