Abstract
Modern military operations, technology-driven war tactics, and current on-street weapons and ammunition necessitate the development of advanced ballistic protection body armor systems that are damage-resistant, flexible, lightweight and have superior energy absorbing capacity. A number of studies related to new concepts and designs of body armor materials have been conducted in the past two decades to meet the new demands. Ballistic fabrics, ceramics, nanocomposites, and hybrid material systems are among the leading candidates for modern armor design. Properties and ballistic resistance mechanisms of such materials have been extensively investigated. Based on a comprehensive and critical review of the advances and findings resulting from these investigations, a comparative study on design, characterization and performance evaluation of various types of anti-ballistic body armor made from different material systems and exhibiting distinct ballistic energy absorption mechanisms is presented in this paper by identifying and discussing key factors that influence the ballistic performance and energy absorbing mechanisms.
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