Abstract
Colour changes of cultural heritage objects can be related with degradation of materials, thus a proper colour monitoring system can be used to detect conservation problems. With this purpose, a monitoring methodology for cultural heritage preventive conservation based on tailored colour reference charts and image analysis is proposed.Reference colour charts have been designed and tested for use in museums. Charts containing 64 colour patches have been printed using high-stability inks on 4 different substrates: Acid-free paper SkyLight, Acid-free paper covered with a propylene film, FOREX® and GlassPack. The stability has been studied by accelerated ageing in an UV chamber, and the harmlessness of the materials by Oddy Test. The final selection of material, laminated paper, is a balance between the colour change upon ageing and the performance in the Oddy Test. Using this material and the proposed design, colour change of copper and silver coupons has been assessed using images that are adjusted and calibrated by an adaptive calibration framework employing a given set of reference colours which homogenises the visual information in the supplied images. Thus, regardless of the camera of origin, any processed picture will deliver reliable information of the state of the colour in the metal surfaces at the moment it was taken.Results demonstrate the adequacy of the approach and the design for colour calibration, so these charts can be used to monitor colour change of sensitive materials –metal coupons– using photographs. As colour change of reference metals is a consequence of corrosion by environmental factors this may be used as a measure of air quality in museum environments. This methodology can be used to design a low-cost preventive conservation tool, where colour change of metal coupons –or other reference materials– can be followed through image analysis of pictures taken periodically by conservators or visitors, introducing citizen science in the conservation strategy.
Highlights
Degradation of cultural heritage materials is commonly associated with colour change, e.g., tarnishing of silver, yellowing of varnishes or colour fading of certain pigments
As colour change of refer‐ ence metals is a consequence of corrosion by environmental factors this may be used as a measure of air quality in museum environments
In other applications, that a colour chart tailored to the colours to be measured can yield a better performance than a generalpurpose one [17, 18]. Based on these ideas we propose a methodology to design a monitoring system for preventive conservation based on colour change
Summary
Degradation of cultural heritage materials is commonly associated with colour change, e.g., tarnishing of silver, yellowing of varnishes or colour fading of certain pigments. Colour variations have been used in heritage studies for evaluating stone soiling and decay [1,2,3,4,5], degradation of paper [6], varnishes [7], pigments [8], to quantify metal corrosion [9, 10] and for detection of defects on fresco [11]. Blue wool standards, metal coupons or acid-sensitive strips can be used as visual alerts for light-damage, sulphur compounds or acids [12, 13] These colour changes can be measured using a colorimeter or a spectrophotometer, obtaining accurate data for colour. Pictures of an X-Rite ColorChecker®chart were taken with different smartphones, adjusted with an opensource package for image analysis and compared with direct measurements made with a colorimeter
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