Abstract
The wheelset is one of the most vulnerable parts of a carriage in terms of failures. As a rule, the failure is revealed at the stage of operation and depends not only on the type of material, of which wheel and rails are made, but also on the technology of their manufacture and operation. The main malfunctions of wheelsets, the nature and causes of their appearance are considered from the point of view of train operations. The objective of the study is a brief analysis of wheelsets’ failures, measures to fight them, as well as development of approaches to introduction of new design decisions. As a debatable problem, the authors suggest a thesis that the existing methods for repairing wheels flanges by surfacing are less promising compared to the technical solution proposed by them. The study proposes to increase reliability of wheelsets at the design stage by making minor changes to the wheel design without changing its geometric characteristics and parameters. Taking into account the cause and the places exposed to the greatest defects (wheel flanges and rims), it is proposed that a rim (hoop) made of a material whose hardness is commensurate with hardness of the rail is pressed onto the wheel of the existing structure in places of the most likely occurrence of the defect. The inner surface of the hoop should completely repeat the outer contour of the wheel in contact with the rim, which provides the necessary bond strength. The proposed technical solution will reduce the stressstrain state of the wheel flange, which is the main cause of failure. To assess the suggestion by calculating total stresses arising on the contact surface of the wheel, it is proposed to use the classical theory of strength. The same method is proposed to solve other problems referring to calculation of solutions aimed to increase the life of wheelsets. So, the main idea of the research is to develop goals and objectives and main directions related to making fundamentally new decisions to increase the life cycle of wheelsets during their operation, as well as to develop relevant theoretical principles and a scientific and methodological apparatus.
Highlights
Целью исследования являлся краткий анализ отказов колёсных пар, способов борьбы с ними, а также разработка подходов к принятию конструктивных решений
Возникающих на поверхности контакта колеса, воспользуемся классической теорией прочности [15, с. 287, рис. 314; 16, с. 356–358]
Сюда же можно добавить циклические напряжения, возникающие при перекатывании колеса по прямолинейной поверхности
Summary
Целью исследования являлся краткий анализ отказов колёсных пар, способов борьбы с ними, а также разработка подходов к принятию конструктивных решений. В качестве темы для дискуссии авторы выдвигают тезис, что существующие способы восстановления колёс наплавкой менее перспективны по сравнению с представленным ими техническим решением, которым предлагается повысить надёжность колёсных пар на этапе проектирования путём внесения несущественных изменений в конструкцию колеса без изменения его геометрических характерист ик и параметров. Подвергающиеся наибольшим дефектам (гребни колёс и реборда), на колесо существующей конструкции в местах наиболее вероятного возникновения дефекта напрессовывается обод (обруч), выполненный из материала, твёрдость которого соизмерима с твёрдостью рельса.
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