Abstract
The container-based cloud is used in various service infrastructures as it is lighter and more portable than a virtual machine (VM)-based infrastructure and is configurable in both bare-metal and VM environments. The Internet-of-Things (IoT) cloud-computing infrastructure is also evolving from a VM-based to a container-based infrastructure. In IoT clouds, the service availability of the cloud infrastructure is more important for mission-critical IoT services, such as real-time health monitoring, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, and industrial IoT, than for general computing services. However, in the container environment that runs on a VM, the current fault detection method only considers the container’s infra, thus limiting the level of availability necessary for the performance of mission-critical IoT cloud services. Therefore, in a container environment running on a VM, fault detection and recovery methods that consider both the VM and container levels are necessary. In this study, we analyze the fault-detection architecture in a container environment and designed and implemented a Fast Fault Detection Manager (FFDM) architecture using OpenStack and Kubernetes for realizing fast fault detection. Through performance measurements, we verified that the FFDM can improve the fault detection time by more than three times over the existing method.
Highlights
Container-based clouds are used in various service infrastructures because they are lighter and more portable than a virtual machine (VM)-based infrastructure and are configurable in both bare-metal and VM environments [1]
In IoT clouds, the service availability of the cloud infrastructure is more important for mission-critical IoT services, such as real-time health monitoring, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, and industrial IoT, than it is for general computing services [6,7,8,9,10,11]
These research works were conducted to improve fault detection and availability based on VM-based infrastructure, but with the industry shift to a container-based cloud environment, research has started towards improving fault detection and availability in container environments
Summary
Container-based clouds are used in various service infrastructures because they are lighter and more portable than a virtual machine (VM)-based infrastructure and are configurable in both bare-metal and VM environments [1]. As a perspective of availability, the proposal in Reference [20] is considered, but further research is needed on how to guarantee availability starting from node fault to reduce the service outage, due to node fault These studies considered only the performance measurement in the existing environment and the recovery of faults at the service level. It is possible to optimize fault detection time to ensure the level of availability required by a mission-critical IoT cloud These studies do not describe how faults can be detected quickly enough for mission-critical IoT services running on the VM. We design and implement Fast Fault Detection Manager (FFDM) using OpenStack and Kubernetes; an integrated architecture which provides an automated monitoring function for quick fault detection and recovery.
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