Abstract
For establishing a new generation of ac voltage standards, digital-to-analog converters (DACs) based on rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) technology, which enable synthesis of arbitrary waveforms with fundamental accuracy, are developed. An RSFQ-DAC consists of three main subsystems: a pulse-number multiplier (PNM), a pulse distributor (PD) and voltage multipliers (VMs). Conventional RSFQ-DACs generate arbitrary voltages by switching a binary array of the VM cells. In this paper, we propose a Variable-PNM for a new RSFQ-DAC based on frequency modulation. The output voltage is determined by the multiplication factor m of the Variable-PNM that consists of a ring oscillator, an n-bit counter and a decoder. We designed a 2-bit Variable-PNM using the CONNECT cell library. The circuit was fabricated using the ISTEC Nb standard process (STP2). We have confirmed the correct functionalities for 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-fold multiplication in functional testing at low speed.
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