Abstract
This paper proposes and assesses three different control approaches for the hydrocarbon natural gas (HCNG) penetrated integrated energy system (IES). The three control approaches adopt mixed integer linear programming, conditional value at risk (CVaR), and robust optimization (RO), respectively, aiming to mitigate the renewable generation uncertainties. By comparing the performance and efficiency, the most appropriate control approach for the HCNG penetrated IES is identified. The numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate the three control approaches in different scenarios, where the uncertainty level of renewable energy (within the HCNG penetrated IES) varies. The numerical results show that the CVaR-based approach outperforms the other two approaches when renewable uncertainty is high (approximately 30%). In terms of the cost to satisfy the energy demand, the operational cost of the CVaR-based method is 8.29% lower than the RO one, while the RO-based approach has a better performance when the renewable uncertainty is medium (approximately 5%) and it is operational is 0.62% lower than that of the CVaR model. In both evaluation cases, mixed integer linear programing approach cannot meet the energy demand. This paper also compares the operational performance of the IES with and without HCNG. It is shown that the IES with HCNG can significantly improve the capability to accommodate renewable energy with low upgrading cost.
Highlights
The Integrated Energy System (IES) is considered as an emerging energy system concept that has great potential on breaking the barriers and bridging different types of energy systems
hydrocarbon natural gas (HCNG) PENETRATED IES This paper presents and compares three day-ahead control approaches for the hydrogen penetrated IES
The fuel used by CHP in the hydrogen penetrated IES is the HCNG which is a mixture of methane and hydrogen
Summary
The Integrated Energy System (IES) is considered as an emerging energy system concept that has great potential on VOLUME 7, 2019. Dolatabadi and Mohammadi-Ivatloo designed a conditional-value-atrisk (CVaR) based optimization approach for scheduling the operation of energy hub (a system coupling among different energy networks, similar to IES) [18] Such methodology has shown good performance on mitigating the risk of load forecasting volatilities and energy price fluctuation. The detailed model of HCNG penetrated IES is developed and such system can produce and use hydrogen to absorb extra wind and PV energy whilst at the same time reduce the carbon emissions. (1) In this paper, the quantitative mathematical model of CHP considering the influence of hydrogen concentration change in fuel is given, as well as the models of other refrigeration equipment, heating equipment and hot water equipment in the HCNG penetrated IES. Note that all types of gas mentioned and discussed in this paper are measured in volume under normal condition and the unit is Nm3
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