Abstract
The adsorption phenomenon using low-cost adsorbents that are abundant in nature is of great interest when the adsorbed capacity is significant. A newly designed natural polyelectrolyte multi-layered (PEM) biopolymeric system-based chitosan/modified chitosan polymer and functionalized cellulosic nonwoven material was prepared and used as an effective adsorbent for Reactive Red 198 (RR198) dye solutions. The bio-sorbent was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and thermal (TGA/DTA) analysis. The swelling behavior was also evaluated, showing the great increase of the hydrophilicity of the prepared adsorbent biopolymer. The effect of various process parameters on the performance of RR198 dye removal such as pH, contact time, temperature, and initial dye concentration was studied. The biopolymeric system has shown good efficiency of adsorption compared to other adsorbents based on chitosan polymer. The highest adsorption capacity was found to be 722.3 mgg−1 at pH = 4 (ambient temperature, time = 120 min and dye concentration = 600 mg L−1). The adsorption process fitted well to both pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich/Temkin adsorption isotherm models. Regarding its low cost, easy preparation, and promising efficient adsorption results, this new concepted multi-layered bio-sorbent could be an effective solution for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
Highlights
Textile manufacturing is well studied as a polluter because it rejects a lot of molecules of dyes [1,2]
The Citric Acid (CTR) crosslinking agent is produced by Sigma-Aldrich, with 98%
For the characterizations and application of the polyelectrolyte multi-layered (PEM) bio-sorbent, we selected the finished samples with three pairs of layers
Summary
Textile manufacturing is well studied as a polluter because it rejects a lot of molecules of dyes (cationic, anionic, reactive, etc.) [1,2]. These synthetic molecules affect humans but animals as well [3,4,5]. The ease and cost-effectiveness of the adsorption technique make it the most efficient method to manage polluted water [6,7,8]. Oxidation by ozone and hypochlorite are effective methods of bleaching, but are not advantageous because of their elevated apparatus and working costs, as well as the generation of secondary pollution from residual chlorine [11]
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