Abstract
Direct sunlight has been utilized long back for desalination of water. The desalination process takes place in solar still. Solar still is a device that converts saline water to potable water. This process requires seawater and sunlight which are widely available on Earth. However, the current solar desalination generation capacity is generally low and has high installation cost. Hence, there is a need for the enhancement of the productivity which can be achieved through few modifications. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities of solar water desalination worldwide. It presents a comprehensive review of solar desalination technologies that have been developed in recent years which covers the economic and environmental aspects.
Highlights
Background of solar desalinationWater and energy are two inseparable and vital commodities for human, plant and animal sustainability on earth
Few modifications have been done in order to increase the productivity of basin type by integrating with solar panel or heater which refers as active solar still
Improvements have been made through high temperature and low heat loss area of the still basin or the absorber which is located on the focal point of parabolic concentrator greatly increases the efficiency of the still [12]
Summary
Water and energy are two inseparable and vital commodities for human, plant and animal sustainability on earth. With total global water reserves of about 1.4 billion km, around 97.5% of it is in the oceans and the remaining 2.5% is fresh water present in the atmosphere, ice mountains, freshwater lakes and groundwater as shown in Figure 1 [1]. Since those days, humans survive with water from rivers, lakes, and recently aquifers where ground water can be extracted as potable water which is less than 1% of total amount of the water on Earth
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