Design and development of automotive catalytic converter using non-nobel catalyst for the reduction of exhaust emission: A review

Abstract

A significant part of the air contamination and pollution is caused because of the vehicular exhaust discharge which now a days expanding at an alarming rate. Exponential use of vehicles and other industrial fossil fuel based equipments increase pollutant level of CO, HC, and NOx as by-products of the combustion process. Pollutants which are sent to the atmosphere from the exhaust are having harmful effects on several living organisms and atmosphere. Numerous elective innovations have been introduced in automotive vehicular systems to cleanse the discharges from the engine and different subsystems. Catalytic converter is the only tool which can help to minimise the effect of pollutants but, increasing the expenses involved in noble metals as a catalyst in automobile catalytic converter motivates to do further investigation of material that can substitute a noble metals as less expensive materials. This paper reviews the research work on alternative inexpensive catalyst such as Pervoskite, spinel, monel, hopcalite and design parameters which can allow the exhaust flow to improve the rate of reaction under the catalytic system configuration. Manuscript includes low cost catalyst materials and design optimization of catalytic converter with various operating temperature range to achieve higher conversion rate for the exhaust purification.