Design and control of a stand-alone microgrid with renewable energy sources

Abstract

This study describes the design and operation of an autonomous microgrid that includes photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines, a diesel engine, and a lithium-ion battery. The objective is to evaluate the efficiency and performance of a central control system that prioritizes renewable energy sources and, when necessary, uses a diesel generator and battery as backup power sources. Additionally, MATLAB is utilized to model and simulate the microgrid system. The needs for the microgrid, including the capacities of each energy source and the load demand, are first laid out in the study. In this study, the power production from the PV panels and wind turbines is estimated based on solar radiation and random wind speeds, respectively. The energy output from each source is measured and shown. After that, a centralized control system is established to oversee the operation of the microgrid. The control algorithm ensures that a considerable portion of the load need is satisfied via renewable energy sources. The extra generation that is stored as energy for later use charges the battery. In the case of a load deficit, however, the battery and diesel generator are employed to provide the demand. The battery's energy reserve and charge status are monitored and displayed. The research results, the suggested centralized control system efficiently controls the microgrid operation by maximizing the use of renewable energy sources and reducing dependency on the diesel generator. The findings highlight the need to use effective control techniques to maximize the integration of renewable energy sources.