Abstract
Microgrid with hybrid renewable energy sources is a promising solution where the distribution network expansion is unfeasible or not economical. Integration of renewable energy sources provides energy security, substantial cost savings and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, enabling nation to meet emission targets. Microgrid energy management is a challenging task for microgrid operator (MGO) for optimal energy utilization in microgrid with penetration of renewable energy sources, energy storage devices and demand response. In this paper, optimal energy dispatch strategy is established for grid connected and standalone microgrids integrated with photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), fuel cell (FC), micro turbine (MT), diesel generator (DG) and battery energy storage system (ESS). Techno-economic benefits are demonstrated for the hybrid power system. So far, microgrid energy management problem has been addressed with the aim of minimizing operating cost only. However, the issues of power losses and environment i.e., emission-related objectives need to be addressed for effective energy management of microgrid system. In this paper, microgrid energy management (MGEM) is formulated as mixed-integer linear programming and a new multi-objective solution is proposed for MGEM along with demand response program. Demand response is included in the optimization problem to demonstrate it’s impact on optimal energy dispatch and techno-commercial benefits. Fuzzy interface has been developed for optimal scheduling of ESS. Simulation results are obtained for the optimal capacity of PV, WT, DG, MT, FC, converter, BES, charging/discharging scheduling, state of charge of battery, power exchange with grid, annual net present cost, cost of energy, initial cost, operational cost, fuel cost and penalty of greenhouse gases emissions. The results show that CO2 emissions in standalone hybrid microgrid system is reduced by 51.60% compared to traditional system with grid only. Simulation results obtained with the proposed method is compared with various evolutionary algorithms to verify it’s effectiveness.
Highlights
For several decades, the conventional power generation was transferred to the load centers over long distances
Power dispatch strategy of island microgrid consists of diesel generator, PV and battery energy storage system presented in [46] to minimize operation cost and optimization problem was formulated as MINLP
In order to increase the life of the energy storage system (ESS), the minimum and maximum state of charge (SOC) is set to 20% and 95%, respectively
Summary
The conventional power generation was transferred to the load centers over long distances. The objective function of the energy management problem in [24] includes several objectives, such as minimizing grid voltage deviations, power losses, security margins and energy imported from the main grid; and the objective function presented in [25], includes four objectives of minimizing customer’s costs, emissions, load peak and load curve fluctuations, but the proposed MG configuration only consist of renewable sources and electrical vehicles, and controllable DGs or ESS are not considered. Power dispatch strategy of island microgrid consists of diesel generator, PV and battery energy storage system presented in [46] to minimize operation cost and optimization problem was formulated as MINLP. Two stage methodology proposed in [53] for dynamic power dispatch in isolated microgrids with micro turbines and energy storage devices considering demand side management. Authors have considered objective function as minimization of fuel cost of micro turbines, spinning reserve cost, and BES
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