Abstract
In DC and hybrid microgrids (MG), the DC-bus regulation using Energy Storage Devices (ESD) is important for the stable operation of both the generators and loads. There are multiple commercial voltage levels for both ESD and DC-bus; therefore, the ESD voltage may be higher, equal or lower than the DC-bus voltage depending on the application. Moreover, most of the ESD converter controllers are linear-based, hence they ensure stability in a limited operation range. This paper proposes a system to regulate the DC-bus voltage of an MG accounting for any voltage relation between the ESD and the DC-bus voltage. The proposed system is formed by an ESD connected to a DC-bus through a bidirectional Buck–Boost converter, which is regulated by a Sliding-Mode Controller (SMC) to ensure the system stability in the entire operation range. The SMC drives the Buck–Boost charger–discharger to regulate the DC-bus voltage, at the desired reference value, by charging or discharging the ESD. This paper also provides detailed procedures to design the parameters of both the SMC and the charger–dischager. Finally, simulation and experimental results validate the proposed solution and illustrate its performance.
Highlights
The participation of renewable energy generators in the electricity market has significantly increased during the last years
This paper proposes a system, formed by an Energy Storage Device (ESD) and a bidirectional Buck–Boost converter, controlled by with a single Sliding-Mode Controller (SMC), to regulate the DC-bus voltage of a DC or hybrid MG
The proposed solution is validated with simulation and experimental results, which make evident three main advantages with respect to the solutions available in the literature: first, the use of a bidirectional Buck–Boost topology enables the connection of any ESD, i.e., ESD with operation voltages lower or higher than the DC-bus voltage; second, the provided design procedures for both the SMC and the converter are useful to develop a particular application with different voltage and current levels; the implementation of the proposed solution is simple, it can be done with analog circuits or low-cost microcontrollers
Summary
The participation of renewable energy generators in the electricity market has significantly increased during the last years. This paper proposes a system, formed by an ESD and a bidirectional Buck–Boost converter, controlled by with a single SMC, to regulate the DC-bus voltage of a DC or hybrid MG. The proposed solution is validated with simulation and experimental results, which make evident three main advantages with respect to the solutions available in the literature: first, the use of a bidirectional Buck–Boost topology enables the connection of any ESD, i.e., ESD with operation voltages lower or higher than the DC-bus voltage; second, the provided design procedures for both the SMC and the converter are useful to develop a particular application with different voltage and current levels; the implementation of the proposed solution is simple, it can be done with analog circuits or low-cost microcontrollers
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