Abstract
Plate anchors, as an efficient and reliable anchorage system, have been widely used to resist uplift forces produced by structures, such as transmission towers, offshore platforms, submerged pipelines, and tunnels. In order to design a plate anchor it is important to know the factors which influence the design and uplift behavior of anchors embedded in sand. In this report a number of model uplift tests and numerical investigations made by different authors are described and based on these readings the uplift behavior of anchors in sand is explored and anchor's design procedure is described. In addition, basic anchor types, failure modes in anchors, and design codes are mentioned. Based on this study, it is found that the failure plane and uplift capacity is significantly influenced by the soil density and embedment depth. Therefore, it is concluded that the influence of sand density and embedment depth should be considered in anchor design.
Highlights
1.1 General Plate anchors, referred as anchor in this report, are foundation systems that are designed primarily to resist uplift loads
There are mainly three distinctive failure planes used in practice for anchor design
The second type is a truncated cone extending from the anchor with an apex angle of 90°+ q., where q. is the friction angle of soiL The last one is a circular surface extending from the edge of the anchor and intersecting the ground surface with an angle of approximately 45°_ q./2
Summary
1.1 General Plate anchors, referred as anchor in this report, are foundation systems that are designed primarily to resist uplift (tensile) loads. It is believed that these discrepancies are due to the lack of full understanding of both anchor behavior and its interaction with surrounding soil during anchor uplifting In this report a number of model uplift tests and numerical investigations made by different authors are described and based on these readings the uplift behavior of anchors in sand is explored and anchor's design procedure is described. These basic anchor types differ primarily as a function of geometry and construction procedure.
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