Abstract
The desert rose, known for its striking sculptural appearance and diverse flowers, holds a prominent place in the market. Despite its ornamental potential, there is limited information on the genetic variability and selection of superior genotypes and their seeds. This study aimed to assess the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability among desert rose accessions, estimate genetic parameters, and evaluate seed characteristics' correlation. Additionally, we examined the quality of seeds resulting from crosses involving five desert rose genotypes based on floral color. The evaluation included various seed-related traits such as percentage, days until harvesting, number of fruits, seeds per fruit, water content, weight of 100 seeds, seed dimensions, germination, speed of germination index (SGI) in sand, germination, and SGI in paper, seedling length, and dry seedling mass. Genotype 1 displayed positive GCA for all traits, indicating a higher number of favorable alleles for seed production. Hybrid 1X3 exhibited positive SCA estimates, suggesting significant production potential. Notably, 2X5 and 1X5 hybrids demonstrated superior seed quality. Seeds per fruit, germination in sand, seedling length, and dry seedling mass were key contributors to genetic diversity. The study revealed high heritability and positive correlations.
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