Desensitization of Highly Immunized Kidney Transplant Recipients Awaiting Transplantation—Polish Single-Center Experience

Abstract

IntroductionThe increasing number of highly immunized patients waiting for kidney transplantation is a significant problem in Europe as the proportion of such patients has doubled in the last decade. Transplantation in this group is enabled by desensitization methods, i.e., intravenous pharmacotherapy with human immunoglobulin (IVIG), anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab), and plasma exchange. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this protocol. Material and MethodsThe inclusion criteria: presence of established anti-HLA antibodies with complement-binding capacity, i.e., anti-HLAC1q+ (>MFI 15,000 for the most common antigens), no renal transplantation within 1 year after activation on the waiting list. Thirteen patients were selected for the procedure. IVIG was administered twice (2 g/kg-maximum 140 g/dose). Between IVIG doses, patients received rituximab (375 mg/m2). Anti-HLA was tested after 1 and 2 months after completion of the procedure. ResultsAll patients have completed the protocol. No significant changes after desensitization in the amount/profile of alloantibodies were observed. However, with negative vCM for HLA-A/B/DR (no DSA against the reported donor) and negative CM-CDC, according to the allocation system, patients were given priority on the recipient list. Seven out of 13 patients received a transplant within 12 months after treatment (mean 11.5 weeks). Renal graft function was good (mean creatinine level after 1 month: 1.5 mg/dL). No incidents of acute rejection were reported. The most common complications were infections (especially pneumonia). ConclusionThe desensitization protocol (IVIG + rituximab) allows highly immunized patients to undergo organ transplantation. In short-term analysis, no acute rejection was observed, graft function was satisfactory. Desensitization was associated with an increased risk of infection.