Abstract
This paper presents the design of Rene Artificiale Portatile (RAP), a novel wearable and portable device for extracorporeal blood ultrafiltration, capable of providing remote treatment of fluid overload in patients with kidney diseases and/or congestive heart failure. The development of the device is based on a new design paradigm, since the layout of the device is box-shaped, as to fit a backpack or a trolley case, differentiating it from other existing devices. The efficient layout and component placement guarantee minimalization and ergonomics, as well as an efficient and cost-effective use. The redundant control architecture of the device has been implemented to ensure a high level of safety and an effective implementation of the clinical treatment. The consistency of the design and its effective implementation are assessed by the results of the preliminary in-vitro tests presented and discussed in this work.
Highlights
Fluid overload is a clinical condition in which the accumulation of water in the body cannot be excreted
Data sent from the device control section to the Rene Artificiale Portatile (RAP), since it acts as an intermediate level between the ‘high level’ therapy management handled by program application section include the key information on the status of the system
The design mixes additive manufacturing technologies, via a cytofluorometer, values of viability, necrosis and apoptosis off-the-shelves (pumps, membranes, sensors, and some ofactuators, the incubated monocytes were electronic evaluated.devices), These values were custom design components, such as a novel electromechanical clamp and a sensorized ultrafiltrate compared with a control sample
Summary
Fluid overload is a clinical condition in which the accumulation of water in the body cannot be excreted. Patients suffering from this pathological condition of fluid overload as the consequence of a renal disease or congestive heart failure need to be hospitalized and treated through dedicated extracorporeal blood purification therapies In these treatments, patient’s blood, in which water and toxins are accumulated in excess, is externally drawn by a specific vascular access, and through an extracorporeal circuit, filtered and purified by a specific medical device called hemodialyzer. The design of portable and wearable devices for continuous ultrafiltration that can be operated without direct medical control, and/or even possibly monitored remotely, seems the most viable option It has been extensively recognized [7,8,9,10,11,12] that the great potential of such portable/wearable medical devices is that they can implement a mild blood ultrafiltration therapy out of hospital over an extended stretch of time (such as over a full day), making this process more similar to physiological body water removing, reducing total therapy costs and improving patient quality of life. The results of preliminary in-vitro tests, which were performed to verify the safe and effective operation of the RAP device, are presented and discussed too
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