Abstract
Mediastinitis during cervical cellulitis results from the extension of the cervical infectious process to the mediastinum. This cervico-mediastinal dissemination is favored by the anatomical continuity that exists between these two regions. 
 The Anglo-Saxon nomenclature attributed the name of descending mediastinitis exclusively to this type of mediastinitis. The dental origin of cellulite is identified by most studies as a factor promoting the extension to the mediastinum especially when the second or third molars are infected. 
 The initial clinical picture is sometimes poor and can lead to a diagnosis delay. The key examination is cervical CT scan and thoracic CTscan injected. The treatment consists of large and repeated tissue excisions combined with antibiotic therapy directed against the anaerobic and aerobic germs. We report the case a young, immunocompetent patient with cervical cellulitis of dental origin complicated by anterior and posterior mediastinitis.
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