Abstract
Charged mosaic (CM) membranes were prepared from fabric structures using two types of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based fibers. The fibers were fabricated using anionic and cationic block-type PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol-b-sodium styrene sulfonic acid), and poly(vinyl alcohol-b-vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride). The fabrics were heat pressed to form a nonporous film and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to produce fabric-structured CM membranes. Volume flux experiments indicated that the CM membrane exhibited negative osmosis, whereas the uncharged PVA membrane showed positive osmosis. The CM membrane made from the fabric exhibited sufficient mechanical strength for performing a piezodialysis experiment under a pressure of 0.3 MPa. The analytical results of piezodialysis experiments for the CM membrane indicated that the salt flux increased, whereas the water flux remained constant with an increasing initial NaCl concentration. Therefore, the salt-to-water flux ratio increased with increasing NaCl concentration. The CM membrane was desalinated with up to 1500 ppm of NaCl at a pressure of 0.3 MPa. Consequently, the fabricated CM membranes demonstrated the potential for desalinating low-salinity solutions.
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