Dermal-Epidermal Junction Proteins: A Useful Target for Addressing Age-Related Changes in Facial Skin

Abstract

Skin aging is a natural physiological process that occurs due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic aging of the skin is a well-balanced genetic process affected due to degeneration of skin tissues, hormonal changes, and a natural inability to repair skin damage [1]. Extrinsic factors involve modifiable lifestyle and environmental factors such as smoking, pollution, poor nutrition, and prolonged sun exposure. These factors result in dry and thin skin, flattening skin, wrinkles, rough texture, and facial sagging [1]. The human desire to look young daily makes addressing these skin issues necessary. Conventional skin-care products based on retinol, hyaluronic acid, and alpha and beta hydroxy acids have been used for facial wrinkles and sagging. Increased pollution, exposure to toxins, and ultraviolet irradiations cause skin damage [2]. Previously, skin formulations were based on ascorbic acid, tocopherol, niacinamide, retinyl palmitate, anti-aging peptides, and proteins as topical solutions that reduce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) [3]. Currently, green cosmetic awareness has led to plant-based skin care products that include anti-aging properties and pharmacological actions such as anti-allergy, pro-collagen, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic, UV-protective [4]. The Dermal-Epidermal Junction (DEJ) is a distinct interconnective network complex between the dermis and epidermis that has multiple roles in skin homeostasis and function [5]. Hence, the commentary highlights the significance of dermal-epidermal junction proteins, specifically collagen IV, a target of a newly developed complex DL-linefade. It enhances the performance of niacinamide-based skin formulations by acting synergistically and inducing collagen IV biosynthesis.