Abstract
We studied depth-dependent cerebral hemodynamic responses of rat brain following direct cortical electrical stimulation (DCES) in vivo with optical recording of intrinsic signal (ORIS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). ORIS is used to visualize the immediate hemodynamic changes in cortical areas following the stimulation, whereas NIRS measures the hemodynamic changes originating from subcortical areas. We found strong hemodynamic changes in relation to DCES both in ORIS and NIRS data. In particular, the signals originating from cortical areas exhibited a tri-phasic response, whereas those originating from subcortical regions exhibited multi-phasic responses. In addition, NIRS signals from two different sets of source-detector separation were compared and analyzed to investigate the causality of perfusion, which demonstrated downstream propagation, indicating that the upper brain region reacted faster than the deep region.
Highlights
Since its first introduction [1], optical imaging techniques have been used widely to monitor real-time changes in blood perfusion and oxygenation in vivo [2]
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), another optical imaging technique, noninvasively measures hemodynamic responses in deeper brain regions by sacrificing the spatial resolution compared to ORIS
In this study, we investigated whether the cerebral hemodynamic responses to direct cortical electrical stimulation (DCES) is depth dependent by ORIS and NIRS recoding
Summary
Since its first introduction [1], optical imaging techniques have been used widely to monitor real-time changes in blood perfusion and oxygenation in vivo [2]. ORIS has been applied to various neuroscience studies due to its high spatiotemporal resolution [3,4,5,6,7,8]. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), another optical imaging technique, noninvasively measures hemodynamic responses in deeper brain regions by sacrificing the spatial resolution compared to ORIS. Because of the high temporal resolution, NIRS has been widely applied in various neuroscientific studies including cognition [9], brain-computer interface (BCI) [10], functional brain connectivity [11], and neurological disease [12, 13]
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