Depression and anxiety in heart failure patients in a South Indian population: A pilot study

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in patients with heart failure in Indian population and analyse their possible predictors and risk factors. Methods and Material: Patients with heart failure hospitalized in tertiary care centre between January 2011 to July 2011 were included in the study. Patients were given self-administered questionnaires viz. Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety scale for depression and anxiety assessment during hospitalization. Demographic data and physical history of patients were collected. Statistical analysis: Data obtained were assessed using one-way analysis of variance or Student’s t-test wherever appropriate. Results: Of a total of 82 patients, 63 returned the questionnaires. Mean age of participants was 61 years. Mean depression and anxiety scores were 56.9 ± 1.48 and 54.5 ± 1.59 respectively. Depression was common in patients with class II and III heart failure, patients with multiple comorbid conditions and those with previous history of stroke or MI (p<0.05). Depression was found to be significant in patients who were on adjuvant beta blockers and statins (p<0.05) compared to patients on other medications. The main predictors of anxiety were presence of comorbidities and severity of disease. Conclusion: NYHA class II and III, advancing age, presence of comorbidities and previous history of MI showed a strong positive association with depression and anxiety scores. Patients on beta blockers and statins were reported to have higher levels of depression. Early diagnosis of mood disorders may aid in long-term management and better quality of life in heart failure patients.