Abstract
This paper presents a new expression for multiple scattering by including the upward and downward propagation waves in the medium 1 and medium 2. Unlike the single scattering, the multiple scattering accounts for the interactions, up to second order, among all the spectral components of surface roughness spectrum. Though the derivation is mathematically intricate, but yet manageable, the final expression is compact and easy for numerical implementation, which only involves a series of two-dimensional integration. Some of special cases in depolarized backscattering are also derived and compared with known analytical model to partly validate the update AIEM model. Then, extensive comparisons with numerical simulations and field measurements are conducted to illustrate the model accuracy.
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