Abstract
Abstract This article aims to evaluate how the Rio Grande do Sul Republican Party (PRR) and the state government, led by Julio de Castilhos and Antonio Augusto Borges de Medeiros, reacted during the last five years of the nineteenth century to the pacification of the 1895 Federalist Revolution. Special attention is paid to the Party’s relationship with the Brazilian Army and Uruguayans, the mobilization of militiamen at the border, the treatment of those opposed to the amnesty, and smuggling. These themes will be evaluated based on aspects of the personal trajectory of Colonel João Francisco Pereira de Souza, who was given the strategic task of taking care of public security in Livramento and Quaraí, stationed at the barracks in Cati, where he had about 800 well-armed and well-trained men. Conflicts with military commanders from the border, especially General Carlos Maria da Silva Telles, led him and his family to oppose Castilhos.
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