Dental implant surface temperatures following double wavelength (2780/940 nm) laser irradiation in vitro.

Peter Fahlstedt,Dagmar F Bunæs,Knut N Leknes,Stein Atle Lie

doi:10.1002/cre2.369

Peter Fahlstedt, Dagmar F Bunæs + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.369

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Abstract

ObjectiveTo estimate the implant surface temperature at titanium dental implants during calibrated irradiation using double wavelength laser.Material and methodsA double wavelength laser, 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG and 940 nm diode, was calibrated and used to irradiate pristine titanium dental implants, OsseoSpeed, TiUnite and Roxolid SLActive, representing different surface modifications. Initial calibration (21 implants; 7 implants/group) intended to identify optimal wavelength/specific output power/energy that not critically increased the temperature or altered the micro‐texture of the implant surface. Subsequent experimental study (30 implants; 10 implants/group) evaluated implant surface temperature changes over 190 s. Irradiation using a computerized robotic setup.ResultsBased on the initial calibration, the following output powers/energies were employed: Er,Cr:YSGG laser 18.4 mJ/pulse (7.3 J/cm2)–36.2 mJ/pulse (14.4 J/cm2) depending on implant surface; diode laser 3.3 W (1321.0 W/cm2). During double wavelength irradiation, implant surface temperatures dropped over the first 20 s from baseline 37°C to mean temperatures ranging between 25.7 and 26.3°C. Differences in mean temperatures between OsseoSpeed and TiUnite implants were statistically significant (p < 0.001). After the initial 20 s, mean temperatures continued to decrease for all implant surfaces. The decrease was significantly greater for TiUnite and Roxolid SLActive compared with OsseoSpeed implants (p < 0.001).ConclusionCalibrated double wavelength laser irradiation did not critically influence the implant surface temperature. During laser irradiation the temperature decreased rapidly to steady‐state levels, close to the water/air‐spray temperature.

Highlights

Titanium surface decontamination using various laser systems have been advocated (Kamel et al, 2014)
A few studies examining Er,Cr:YSGG lasers and none the 940 nm diode laser or double wavelength laser have been presented relative to their thermal effects on titanium dental implants (Gomez-Santos et al, 2010; Romanos et al, 2017) or titanium discs (Ercan et al, 2014; Strever et al, 2017)
The lowest temperature was recorded for the diode laser irradiation with a 0.89 W output power (Roxolid SLActive 53.4C, OsseoSpeed 63.2C, and TiUnite 65.2C), whereas the highest temperature was recorded with a 3.3 W output power (TiUnite 152.4C, OsseoSpeed 150.0C, and Roxolid SLActive 107.0C)

Summary

| INTRODUCTION

Titanium surface decontamination using various laser systems have been advocated (Kamel et al, 2014). In several studies, thermal effects on different titanium surfaces have been evaluated during or after irradiation of pulsed 2940 nm Er:YAG laser (Monzani et al 2018; Hakki et al, 2017) and diode lasers of 810, 980 and 1064 nm (Geminiani et al, 2012; Leja et al, 2013; Matys et al, 2016; Valente et al, 2017) These studies suggest that by using water-spray cooling, the implant temperature may not exceed 47C. One implant from each system was used for body temperature measurements following irradiation with Er,Cr:YSGG and 940 nm diode laser as single and double wavelength laser. Data were analyzed using STATA version 15 (Stata Corp, Collage Station, TX)

| RESULTS

Findings

| DISCUSSION