Dental diseases and loss of teeth in a group of Finnish alcoholics: a radiological study

Abstract

A total of 85 Finnish alcohol-dependent subjects and 53 controls were studied with panoramic radiography. The aim was to study the possible associations between prolonged alcohol consumption and dental health. The mean number of teeth, caries lesions, endodontic treatments, periapical lesions, marginal bone loss, and periodontal infrabony pockets was studied. The subjects met the diagnostic criteria of alcohol dependence as set out in DSM-IV and ICD-10. The control group comprised social drinking volunteers with an AUDIT score h 8. For the final results the subjects were divided into groups on the basis of sex and age. The social backgrounds of the subjects were similar, except for employment and smoking. The results show significantly fewer teeth and more caries in the alcoholic group. There was a tendency for the alcoholics <45 years of age to have more endodontically treated teeth than the controls, but no difference in the number of periapical lesions in endodontically treated teeth was found. Horizontal bone loss and the presence of calculus were more frequent in alcoholic men than in alcoholic women. Significantly more horizontal bone loss was observed in the group of alcoholic nonsmokers than in nonalcoholic nonsmokers. In the nonsmoking groups alcoholics had significantly more periodontal destruction than the nonsmoking controls. We conclude that radiological dental health among individuals dependent on alcohol is weakened by more caries, more horizontal bone loss, and more numerous vertical infrabony pockets than social drinkers.