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Abstract
The article presents results of the study of the soil density composition and the yield of spring wheat grain depending on the methods of processing gray forest soil of the Republic of Tatarstan. The high density of soil composition among all the options is the option with direct sowing in the 0-10 cm layer of 1.18 g / cm3, in the 10-20 cm layer 1.27 g / cm3. In the options for stubble plowing with subsequent plowing the indicators were 1.13 and 1.22 g / cm3, respectively. By the phase of getting into the tube and before harvesting spring wheat, the soil bulk density increased in all variants of soil cultivation. The minimum values of the soil bulk density were noted for the options “stubble cultivation + plowing” and amounted to 1.18 and 1.26 g / cm3 in the 0-10 cm layer, 1.27 and 1.30 g / cm3 in the 10-20 cm layer. In the variant with direct sowing, these indicators were 1.25 and 1.31 g / cm3 in the 0-10 cm layer, 1.32 and 1.36 g / cm3 in the 10-20 cm layer. In a layer of 10-20 cm, the density of soil composition, depending on the methods of tillage, increased to 1.27-1.32 g / cm3, before harvesting 1.30-1.35 g / cm3, while the regularity between control and direct sowing have been preserved. The maximum grain yield (3.59 t / ha) and high economic efficiency of spring wheat cultivation were obtained from the use of shallow loosening of the soil with a KSN-3 unit in combination with loosening after a year.
Highlights
Edaphic factors, including those associated with the complex of agrophysical properties of the soil, are of particular importance in the formation of the yield of the main agricultural crops
To achieve the goal of the research, we carried out a study of the density of the soil composition of the hardness of the arable layer of soil under crops of spring wheat, depending on the methods of tillage in the conditions of the gray forest soil of the Republic of Tatarstan
The bulk density before sowing spring wheat in the 0-10 cm layer according to the experimental options varied within 1.13-1.18 g / cm3, and high rates both in the 0-10 cm layer and in the 10-20 cm layer (1, 18 / 1.27 g / cm3) had surface methods of tillage (Table 1)
Summary
Edaphic factors, including those associated with the complex of agrophysical properties of the soil, are of particular importance in the formation of the yield of the main agricultural crops. This is one of the main causes of water erosion and flooding (plant hypoxia) [9] This process directly or indirectly increases the leaching of nutrients and pesticides into groundwater and increases the emission of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide (greenhouse gases) into the atmosphere [10]. All this determines the need for the development of scientifically based approaches to the regulation of soil compaction to maintain its fertility and sustainable cultivation of spring wheat
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